Computer Basics (Introduction, Types of computer, Application of computer etc.)

    "Hey guys my self Vishal (B-Tech in computer science and Engineering) I will share some knowledge on computer and also other technologies. (If you have any doubt about computers then you can ask me through comment box and then I will reply to you guys about your problems.)"

➤PERSONAL PROFILE :

Name : Garje Vishal Anil

Nationality : Indian

Hobbies : Blogging, Programming, Web Development

Communication Language: Marathi, Hindi, English

➤ SOCIAL MEDIA LINKS

Facebook : @facebook

Instagram : @Insta

➤ EDUCATION

• Passed High School  from SSC Board in the year 2017.
• Passed Intermediate (Science) from HSC Board in the year 2019.
• B-Tech in Computer Science and Engineering (2019-2023) (School of Engineering and Technology, SET-JU, Bangalore)

➤ Skills

• C
• C++
• JAVA
• HTML
• CSS 
• JAVASCRIPT

_________________________

       Hello guys I'm Vishal, In this blog I shared some knowledge on computer in details and you can easily understand because I wrote in the simplest manner or language and I will shared all the shortcut tricks for windows computer, and you will enjoy this blog its my guarantee, because it is very easy to read and very interesting about technology knowledge and this blog is helpful for IT freshers .So lets start with computer basics.

➤ WHAT IS COMPUTER ?  

1. A computer is an electronic device or data processor.
2. It can accept the input (data, instructions).
3. It stores or processes the input as per user instructions by storing it in memory cells.
4. It gives out the output/result of the input in arithmetic or logical computations as output information.
5. The computer accepts input and outputs data in an alphanumeric form.
6. Also we can say that Internally, it converts the input data to meaningful binary digits, performs the instructed operations on the binary data, and transforms the data from binary digit form to understandable alphanumeric form.

➤ CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPUTER

(a) Speed:

1. Computer is a very fast device.
2. It is capable of performing calculation of very large amount of data.
3. The computer has units of speed in microsecond, nanosecond, and even the picosecond.
4. A computer can carry out 3-4 million instructions per second.

(b) Accuracy:

1. In addition to being very fast, computers are very accurate.
2. The calculations are 100% error free.
3. Computers perform all jobs with 100% accuracy provided that the input is correct.

(c) Reliability:

1. A computer is a reliable machine.
2. Modern electronic components have long lives.
3. Computers are designed to make maintenance easy.

(d) Versatility:

1. A computer is a very versatile machine.
2. A computer is very flexible in performing the jobs to be done.
3. This machine can be used to solve the problems related to various fields.
4. At one instance, it may be solving a complex scientific problem and the very next moment it may be playing a card game.

(e) Storage Capability:

1. Memory is a very important characteristic of computers.
2. A computer has much more storage capacity than human beings.
3. It can store large amount of data.
4. It can store any type of data such as images, videos, text, audio, etc.

➤ ADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER

1. Computers can do the same task repetitively with same accuracy.
2. Computers do not get tired or bored.
3. Computers can take up routine tasks while releasing human resource for more intelligent functions,etc...

➤ DISADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER

1. Computers have no intelligence; they follow the instructions blindly without considering the outcome.
2. Regular electric supply is necessary to make computers work, which could prove difficult everywhere especially in developing nations.

➤ APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTER

(a) Banking:

1. Banking is almost totally dependent on computers.

Banks provide the following facilities −

1. Online accounting facility, which includes checking current balance, making deposits and overdrafts, checking interest charges, shares, and trustee records.
2. ATM machines which are completely automated are making it even easier for customers to deal with banks.

(b) Education:

1. The computer helps in providing a lot of facilities in the education system:

• The computer provides a tool in the education system known as CBE (Computer Based Education).
• CBE involves control, delivery, and evaluation of learning.
• Computer education is rapidly increasing the graph of number of computer students.
• There are a number of methods in which educational institutions can use a computer to educate the students.
• It is used to prepare a database about performance of a student and analysis is carried out on this basis.

(c) Engineering Design:

1. Computers are widely used for Engineering purpose.
2. One of the major areas is CAD (Computer Aided Design) that provides creation and modification of images.

Some of the fields are −

• Structural Engineering − Requires stress and strain analysis for design of ships, buildings, budgets, airplanes, etc.
• Industrial Engineering − Computers deal with design, implementation, and improvement of integrated systems of people, materials, and equipment.
• Architectural Engineering − Computers help in planning towns, designing buildings, determining a range of buildings on a site using both 2D and 3D drawings.

(d) Military:

1. Computers are largely used in defence. Modern tanks, missiles, weapons, etc. Military also employs computerized control systems. 

Some military areas where a computer has been used are −

• Missile Control
• Military Communication
• Military Operation and Planning
• Smart Weapons

(e) Communication:

1. Communication is a way to convey a message, an idea, a picture, or speech that is received and understood clearly and correctly by the person for whom it is meant.

Some main areas in this category are −

• E-mail
• Chatting
• Usenet
• FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
• Telnet
• Video-conferencing

(f) Government:

1. Computers play an important role in government services. 

Some major fields in this category are −

• Budgets
• Sales tax department
• Income tax department
• Computation of male/female ratio
• Computerization of voters lists
• Computerization of PAN card
• Weather forecasting

➤ CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTERS

(a) Supercomputer:

1. Super computers are more expensive & fast computers that can perform hundreds of millions of instructions per second.
2. Example: Cray supercomputer.

(b) Mainframe Computer:

1. A Mainframe computer supports a vast number of users to work simultaneously & remotely.
2. Mainframe computers are capable of supporting many hundreds or thousands of users simultaneously.
3. Example: IBM 370, IBM 3090.

(c) Minicomputer:

1. Mini computers are small size computers which have one or two microprocessors attached to it. They are smaller than a mainframe and super computer. Some mini computers are more powerful than an average micro computer. Mini computers are light weight and you can put these computers in your bags or pockets easily. 
2. Mini computers are used by multiple users (between 10 – 100) but smaller in size and memory & cheaper than mainframes.
3. Example: Digital Equipment Corporation VAX, IBM AS/400.

(d) Micro Computer:

1. The microcomputer has been intended to meet the personal computing needs of an individual.
2. It typically consists of a microprocessor chip, a memory system, interface units and various I/O ports, typically resided in a motherboard.
3. In the technical form, meaning of the microcomputer is a micro controller. It is used in the home appliances such as microwaves, TV, refrigerator, and more.

(e) Desktop/Personal Computer:

1. The definition of a personal computer is a small computer with a microprocessor, designed for use by an individual. An example of personal computers are desktop computers used in homes, schools and small businesses. "Personal computer."
2. A micro computer sufficient to fit on a desk.

(f) Laptop Computer:

1. Portable microcomputer with an integrated screen & keyboard.
2. The definition of a laptop is a portable computer that encompasses a microprocessor, rechargeable battery, fold-down screen, keyboard and mouse. A MacBook Air is an example of a laptop.